This is in reality a complex subject, but simply put there are
three levels of pilot licences (for detailed requirements, read
JAR-FCL-2 licensing regulations).
PPL - Private Pilot Licence. Non-commercial pilots flying for
own use, i.e. personal business, fun, travel, sports etc. -
possible to carry non-paying passengers.
CPL - Commercial Pilot Licence. Commercial licence for flying
aircraft as pilot in command (PIC) up to a maximum T/O weight of
5.700 kg.
ATPL- Airline Traffic Pilot Licence. Needed for captain's duty
in "heavy" aircraft, requiring multiple crew - maximum T/O weight
above 5.700 kg.
In addition there are several so-called Ratings associated with
the licences adding more rights, requiring extra theoretical
education, exams, flight training and checks with a CAA-examiner,
these include:
- IR - Instrument Rating.
- FI - Flight Instructor Rating.
- TR - Type Rating.
- ME - Multi Engine.